Reactive arthritis

Reactive arthritis is inflammation in the joints that develops in reaction to an infection or virus. It is treatable and attacks are usually short-lived.

What causes it?

Common infections that can trigger reactive arthritis are:

• the flu virus
• food poisoning
• sexually transmitted diseases

It can occur at any age, although it is more frequently seen in younger people.

What happens?

Reactive arthritis strikes fast (usually 3-12 weeks after a triggering infection). Joint swelling and pain – usually in the knees, ankles or toes – are the first symptoms most people will have.

How will it affect me?

In most cases reactive arthritis will last from a few weeks to six months with no future complications. Some of the following symptoms may be seen:

• pain and swelling in the knees, ankles or toes
• lower back pain
• infections in genitals and urinary tract
• skin complaints
• eye infections
• ‘sausage toes’ (inflammation in tendons and joints at the same time)

How is it treated?

Reactive arthritis is difficult to diagnose as there is no conclusive test. The first stage of treatment will tackle the infection or virus that might have started the condition, often with antibiotics.

The second stage is treatment for the joint pain and swelling. Your doctor may prescribe you:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the inflammation
• injected steroids if the inflammation is severe
• disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) if your arthritis lasts more than a few months
  

See Drugs and Complementary Therapies for more information

What can you do?

It is important to exercise your muscles and to keep your joints moving. You may be referred to a physiotherapist or occupational therapist who will help you learn how to make the most efficient use of your joints.

Resting is also a key part of recovery. You could also consider trying out complementary therapies.

The Arthritis Care Helpline is available to answer any specific questions you may have on all aspects of arthritis.