Reference sources

The aim of Arthritis Care’s publications is to give practical information to help people to manage the effects of arthritis on their life. Therefore, we draw on the personal experiences of people with arthritis as well the expert opinion of health professionals and evidence-based medical research in writing a publication.

To guarantee the accuracy and credibility of our information, we use rigorous criteria to select the information sources used to research and write our publications. All information gathered from external sources is cross-referenced with established medical textbooks or government guidelines or one of Arthritis Care’s medical advisors from the medical advisory group.

Obtaining reference materials

We can give information on how to locate our reference sources, and in some cases we can supply copies of the relevant documents. Please contact library@arthritiscare.org.uk

• Mayo Clinic - Adult Still's disease
• www.orpha.net - Adult onset Still's disease
• www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com - Adult onset Still's disease
• www.stillsdisease.org - Information about Still's disease
• GP Notebook
• Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 49 No 6
• Arthritis Care's medical advisory board

• www.patient.co.uk/health/Ankylosing-Spondylitis.htm
• Arthritis Research UK – www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis_information/arthritis_types__symptoms/ankylosing_spondylitis.aspx
• National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society – www.nass.co.uk/public/questions.htm#5
• National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society – www.nass.co.uk/public/advice.htm#11

• www.patient.co.uk/health/Baker's-Cyst.htm
• www.cks.nhs.uk/patient_information_leaflet/bakers_cyst

• Article: B Cells as therapeutic targets for rheumatic diseases. Author: R. John Looney, Jennifer Anolik & Inaki Sanz. Journal: The Lancet, 2007
• NHS Choices: http://nhs.medguides.medicines.org.uk/nhs/medicine.aspx?name=MabThera&use=Rheumatoid%20arthritis
• Electronic Medicines Consortium: www.emc.medicines.org.uk
• Booklet: ‘Rituximab’ Arthritis Research UK
• NICE guidance on rituximab – www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA126guidance.pdf
• Cochrane review on abatacept – http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD007277/sect0.html
• Medline Plus on rituximab – www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a607038.html
• SMC guidance on tocilizumab – www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/smc/files/Briefing%20note%20SMC_Jan10.pdf
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Arthritis Care FAQs factsheet: www.arthritiscare.org.uk/AboutArthritis/FAQs 
• Medical information on alcohol, sexual health and vaccines from Dr David Doyle, consultant rheumatologist and (former) chair of the Arthritis Care medical advisory board 
• Benefits: www.direct.gov.uk and www.skill.org 
• General health information: www.nhs.uk 
• Health information for young people: www.youthhealthtalk.org 
• Information for young people with arthritis: www.dreamteam-uk.org
• Office of National Statistics: www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=1331&Pos=&Co1Rank=2&Rank=896
• Immunisation: www.arc.org.uk/news/arthritistoday/138_3.asp

• NHS Choices - NHS support services: www.nhs.uk
• Arthritis Care Helplines Team
• Arthritis Care discussion forum

• The British Pain Society: Booklet: ‘Understanding and Managing Pain’
• www.britishpainsociety.org
• Book: The Arthritis helpbook: a tested self-management program for coping with arthritis and fibromyalgia, Authors: Kate Lorig & James Fries. Publisher: Perseus Books, 2006
• Book: The pain relief handbook – self-help methods for managing pain, Author: Chris Wells & Graham Nown. Publisher: Vermillion, 1996
• Book: Coping successfully with pain, Author: Neville Shone. Publisher: Sheldon Press, 2002
• Booklets: Arthritis Research UK. ‘Back Pain’ and ‘Pain in the Neck’ 
• Experts including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• NHS medicines: http://nhs.medguides.medicines.org.uk/NHS/condition.aspx?condition=Arthritis
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’ and ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• British National Formulary: www.bnf.org.uk 
• Guidelines: British Society for Rheumatology: www.rheumatology.org.uk
• Guidelines: Scottish Medicines Consortium: www.scottishmedicines.org.uk
• Booklet: Arthritis Research UK. ‘Complementary and alternative medicines for arthritis’
• Report: Arthritis Research UK. ‘Complementary and Alternative Medicines for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Fibromyalgia’
• National Library for Health: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Specialist Library. www.library.nhs.uk/cam
• NHS Direct: www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/pages/complementarytherapy.aspx
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board
  
  

   

• www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Arthritis/Pages/Exercise.aspx
• www.mayoclinic.com/health/arthritis/AR00009
• Guidelines: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence www.nice.org.uk ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’ and ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Fibromyalgia Association UK – www.fibromyalgia-associationuk.org
• Patient UK – www.patient.co.uk/health/Fibromyalgia.htm
• BMJ, 2002 – www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142304?dopt=Abstract
• Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2007 – http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2007/07/20/ard.2007.071522.abstract
• BMJ 2002 – www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142304?dopt=Abstract
• Mayo Clinic – www.mayoclinic.com/health/is-fibromyalgia-hereditary/AN01962

• British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout, 2007: www.rheumatology.org.uk
• Arthritis Research UK – www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/patpubs/6015/6015.asp
• NHS Clinical Knowledge Summary – www.cks.nhs.uk/patient_information_leaflet/Gout
• NHS Clinical Knowledge Summary – www.cks.nhs.uk/gout/management/quick_answers/scenario_acute_gout/clinical_summary_acute_gout/lifestyle_advice
• UK Gout Society – www.ukgoutsociety.org
• Nature Genetics article, 2008: www.nature.com/ng/journal/v40/n4/abs/ng.106.html
  

• Factsheets: The British Dietetic Association. ‘Diet and Arthritis’ www.bdaweightwise.com
• Booklet: Arthritis Research UK. ‘Diet and Arthritis’
• Article: The Arthritis Foundation. ‘You are what you Eat’
• Journal article: ‘Dietary risk factors for rheumatic diseases’ Current Opinion in Rheumatology, March 2005 - Volume 17 - Issue 2 - pp 141-146
• Book: Diet and Arthritis: A comprehensive guide to controlling arthritis through diet. Authors: Gail Darlington and Linda Gamlin. Publisher: Ebury Press, 1998
• Book: ‘Alternative Treatments for Arthritis’ The Arthritis Foundation
• Food Standards Agency: www.eatwell.gov.uk
• Department of Health food advice: www.5aday.nhs.uk
• Northern Ireland educational site: www.food4life.org.uk
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Review article: ‘Thermotherapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis’ Cochrane Library April 2002
• Review article: ‘Thermotherapy for treating osteoarthritis’ Cochrane Library October 2003
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board.

• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Independent living and Arthritis
• Previous Arthritis Care factsheet on hip surgery
• Arthritis Research UK booklet: A New Hip Joint
• National Joint Registry: http://www.njrcentre.org.uk
• Primary Total Hip replacement: a guide to good practice, published by the British Orthopaedic Association, revised August 2006
• NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance 112 – Feb 05 and 152 – Jan 06
• NICE guidance on the use of metal on metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty, June 02
• NHS choices web page on hip replacement
• Get bone smart website
• The Wellington Hospital: Hip Unit
• Revision rates after primary hip and knee replacement in England between 2003-2004 by Sibanda, Copley, Lewsey, Borroff, Gregg, MacGregor, Pickford, Porter, Tucker, van der Meulen on behalf of the National Joint Registry for England and Wales

• Disability Living Foundation: www.dlf.org.uk 
•  Equal Opportunities and Human Rights Commission: www.equalityhumanrights.com
• www.Direct.gov.uk UK Government website covering benefits and disability
• www.assist-uk.org Assist UK is a UK network of independent living centres
• Members of the College of Occupational Therapists
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Arthritis Research UK: www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/patpubs/6006/6006.asp
• Booklets ‘When your child has arthritis’, ‘Booklet ‘Arthritis in Teenagers’
• www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/JIA-PDF.pdf (Clinical Guidance)
• Book: Arthritis in Children and Adolescents – Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 2006. Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Book: Kids with Arthritis – a guide for families. Carrie Britton, 2006 Publisher: Choices. Available from Arthritis Care
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board.

• Book: Rheumatology (Vols 1 & 2) John Klippel & Paul Dieppe, 1998
• Oxford Desk Reference: Rheumatology. Author: Richard Watts et al. Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2009
• Book: British Medical Association: Guide to Medicines and Drugs. Author: Prof. John A Henry. Publisher: Dorling Kindersley, 1997 / 2001 / 2004 / 2006 / 2007
• NHS Library: Paper: ‘Efficacy of glucosamine sulphate, chondrotin and fish oils in the treatment of osteoarthritis’ 2007 www.library.nhs.uk
• NHS medicines: http://nhs.medguides.medicines.org.uk/NHS/condition.aspx?condition=Arthritis
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• Guidelines: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. www.sign.ac.uk
• Guidelines: British Society for Rheumatology www.rheumatology.org.uk
• Report: ‘Complementary and Alternative Medicines for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Fibromyalgia’ Arthritis Research Campaign
• Benefits and Disability: www.Direct.gov.uk
• Disability Living Foundation: www.dlf.org.uk
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Book: Rheumatology (2nd Ed) Volumes 1 and 2. Author: John A Klipple & Paul Dieppe. Publisher: Mosby, 1998 Book:
• Oxford Desk Reference: Rheumatology. Author: Richard Watts et al. Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2009
• Book: British Medical Association: Guide to Medicines and Drugs. Author: Prof. John A Henry. Publisher: Dorling Kindersley, 1997 / 2001 / 2004 / 2006 / 2007
• Book: Fast Facts: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Author: John D Isaacs and Larry W Moreland. Publisher: Health Press, 2002
• Book: Living a Full Life with RA. Author: Jasmine Jenkins. Publisher: How to Books, 2005
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• Arthritis Care Discussion Forum
• Arthritis Care's Medical Advisory Group

• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Exercise and Arthritis 
  
• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Living with Osteoarthritis
  
• Arthritis News feature October/November 2008: Putting your best foot forward
  
• Arthritis Research UK booklet: Feet, footwear and arthritis
  
• West Suffolk Hospital NHS trust: http://www.wsh.nhs.uk/pals/PatInfo/redirect.aspx?ID=3607
  
• American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons: www.orthoinfo.aaos.org
  
• www.orthogate.org/patient-education/ankle/osteoarthritis-of-the-ankle.html
  
• www.patient.co.uk

• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Living with Osteoarthritis 
  
• Arthritis News feature April/May 2008: Getting a handle on arthritis
• Arthritis Research UK factsheet: Splints for arthritis of the wrist and hand
  
• Arthritis Research UK’s booklet: Hand and wrist surgery for arthritis
  
• Two patient information leaflets from Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS): Arthritis at the base of the thumb and Carpal tunnel syndrome
  
• Arthritis Today Sept/Oct 05 feature: Strong Hands Weaken Pain article by Sean Kenney.
  

• www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Osteoarthritis
• www.patient.co.uk/health/Osteoarthritis.htm
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Exercise and Arthritis 
  
• Arthritis Care’s booklet: Living with Osteoarthritis
  
• Arthritis News feature October/November 2008: Putting your best foot forward
• Arthritis Research UK booklet: Feet, footwear and arthritis
  
• www.feetforlife.org
  
• epodiatry.com
  
• www.hygieneexpert.co.uk
  
• American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons: www.acfas.org

• Article: The use of transdermal opioids. Author: Dr G Baranidharan & Dr K Simpson. Publisher: GP Magazine, 2006
• NHS Choices: http://nhs.medguides.medicines.org.uk/nhs/medicine.aspx?name=fentanyl&use=pain&preparation=2
• Electronic Medicines Consortium: www.emc.medicines.org.uk
• British National Formulary: www.bnf.org.uk
• Netdoctor – www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/skinpatches.htm
• Netdoctor – www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100002792.html
• Patient UK – www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Celecoxib.htm
• Patient UK – www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Pain-and-Pain-Relief-(Analgesics).htm
• NHS Choices – www.nhs.uk/livewell/endoflifecare/pages/painrelief.aspx
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Book: Rheumatology (Vols 1 & 2) John Klippel & Paul Dieppe, 1998
• Journal article: ‘Prevalence and clinical significance of anticyclic citrullinated peptide and antikeratin antibodies in palindromic rheumatism....’ Rheumatology: 2003; 42: 972-975
• Journal article: ‘Palindromic Rheumatism’ British Medical Journal: 15 December 1979
• Journal article: ‘Palindromic rheumatism is a common disease.....’ Journal of Rheumatology: 2008 35 (6): 992-994
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• NHS Clinical Knowledge Summary – www.cks.nhs.uk/polymyalgia_rheumatica
• Arthritis Research UK – www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/patpubs/6032/6032.asp#side
• Patient UK – www.patient.co.uk/health/Polymyalgia-Rheumatica.htm
• NHS Choices – www.nhs.uk/conditions/polymyalgia-rheumatica/Pages/Introduction.aspx
• National Osteoporosis Society – www.nos.org.uk/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=248&srcid=234
• NHS Clinical Knowledge Summary – www.cks.nhs.uk/polymyalgia_rheumatica/background_information/prevalence
• WebMD – http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330815-overview

• Breakout: Arthritis Care lifestyle guide for young people with arthritis
• Prospects: www.prospects.ac.uk
• Government website on education: www.direct.gov.uk/en/EducationAndLearning/index.htm
• UCAS: www.ucas.ac.uk
• National Union of Students: www.nus.org.uk
• Connexions for young people: www.connexions-direct.com
• Times Good University Guide 2010
• Arthritis Care's discussion forum

• Mayo Clinic – http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/psoriatic-arthritis/DS00476
• Patient UK – http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23068899
• Arthritis Research UK – http://www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/patpubs/6029/6029.asp
• NICE guidance - Etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, available from: www.nice.org.uk
• Guideline for anti-TNF alpha therapy in psoriatic arthritis, British Society for Rheumatology (2004) – http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/44/3/390/

• Arthritis Research UK factsheet: Reactive arthritis
  
• Arthritis Research UK article - July 2000 NHS Direct - Health Encyclopaedia, Reiter's syndrome
  
• Patient.co.uk -  Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome
  
• Mayoclinic.com - Reactive arthritis
  
• Journal: Rheumatology, 2000; 39: 117-121
  
• Book: Current Opinions in Rhematology, 2005, pp400-405
  
• Magazine: Nursing Times November 11 2003 
• Arthritis Care discussion forum

• UK Scientific Advisory Committee on nutrition and Food Standards Agency
• Information Sheet: ‘Sources of Calcium’ The Vegetarian Society
• Booklet: ‘Healthy Eating – facts about food’ The National Osteoporosis Society
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Book: The ulitmate guide to sex and disabiliity. Author: Miriam Kaufman, Cory Silverberg & Fran Odette. Publisher: Cleis Press, 2003
• Book: She dances to a different drum. Author: Kath Gillespie-Sells, Mildrette Hill & Bree Robins. Publisher: Kings Fund, 1998
• Arthritis Care Helpline's Team

• Articles: Arthritis Research UK. ‘Seronegative spondyloarthopathy’, ‘What’s in a name’ and ‘Diagnosing inflammatory arthritis’
• Article: Arthritis Research UK. www.arc.org.uk/news/arthritistoday/116_5.asp
• Arthritis Research UK: article www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/medpubs/6532/6532.asp
• www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Seronegative-Arthropathies.htm
• NHS Map of Medicine: http://healthguides.mapofmedicine.com/choices/map/seronegative_arthritis1.html
• Journal article: ‘Anti-CCP antibodies measured at disease onset help identify seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and predict radiological and functional outcome’ Rheumatology 2006 45(4): 478-480
• Guidelines: British Society for Rheumotology. ‘Management of rheumatoid arthritis in first two years’ www.rheumatology.org.uk
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Arthritis Research UK factsheet: Sjögren's syndrome
  
• British Sjögren's syndrome Association factsheet and guides for diagnosis and management
• NHS Choices
• mayoclinic.com - answer to a question on diagnosis
  
• Patient UK
• Book: Living with Sjögren's Syndrome
• Book: The Sjögren's Syndrome Survival Guide
  
• Arthritis Care's medical advisory board

• NHS choices: www.nhs.uk/conditions/hip-replacement and www.nhs.uk/conditions/knee-replacement
• National Joint Registry: www.njrcentre.org.uk
• Hospital Episode Statistics: www.hesonline.org.uk
• Booklets: ‘Shoulder and Elbow Replacement’ ‘Hands and Wrist Surgery for Arthritis’ ‘A new knee Joint’ ‘A new Knee Joint’ ‘Preparing for a Hip Replacement’ Arthritis Research Campaign
• Royal College of Surgeons: www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient_information
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’ and ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’ 
• British Orthopedic Association: leaflet: ‘Total knee replacement’
• British Orthopedic Association: leaflet: ‘Primary Total Hip Replacement – A guide to good practice’
• Patient information: British Society for Surgery of the Hand. ‘Terminal finger joint arthritis’
• Paper: NHS Library: www.library.nhs.uk ‘Has surgery for RA moved on in 2008? Ankle and foot’
  
• BMJ Clinical Evidence Osteoarthritis of the hip
  
• BMJ Best Treatments – www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/besttreatments/osteoarthritis-treatments-hip-resurfacing
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• Article: ‘Tends Machines’ www.patient.co.uk:
• Guidelines: The British Pain Society ‘A practical guide to the provision of Chronic Pain Services for adults in Primary Care’
• Review article: ‘TENS for Chronic Pain’ Cochrane Library, July 2008
• Review article: TENS versus placebo for chronic low-back pain, Cochrane Library, October 2008
• Review article: ‘TENS for treatment of rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand’, Cochrane Library, July 2003
• Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board.

• Book: Rheumatology (2nd Ed) Volumes 1 and 2. Author: John A Klipple & Paul Dieppe. Publisher: Mosby, 1998
• Book: Kelleys Textbook of Rhematology, Volumes 1 and 2. Edited by Shaun Ruddy et al. Publisher: Saunders, 2001
• Book: Textbook of Musculoskeletal Medicine. Author: Michael Hutson & Richard Ellia. Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2006
• Book: Epidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases. Author: Alan Silman and Mark Holberg. Publisher: Oxford University Press, 1993
• Book: Oxford Desk Reference: Rheumatology. Author: Richard Watts et al. Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2009
• Book: British Medical Association: Guide to Medicines and Drugs. Author: Prof. John A Henry. Publisher: Dorling Kindersley, 1997 / 2001 / 2004 / 2006 / 2007
• Guidelines: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) www.nice.org.uk ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’ and ‘Osteoarthritis: Arthritis: National clinical guideline for management and treatment in adults’
• Arthritis Care's Medical Advisory Group

• Booklet: ‘Sick or Disabled – a basic guide to benefits’ Department for Work and Pensions.
• www.Direct.gov.uk Information on benefits, disability and employment schemes
• www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk and a Disability Employment Advisor
• Booklet: Arthritis Research Campaign - ‘Back Pain’
• www.worksmart.org.uk Trades Union Congress
• Equality and Human Rights Commission:
  i. Booklet: ‘Your rights at work’
  ii. www.equalityhumanrights.com/your-rights/disability
  
• www.workfoundation.co.uk: Report: ‘Fit for Work? Musculoskeletal Disorders in the European Workforce’
• Factsheets: Disability Alliance www.disabilityalliance.org/publicate.htm
• Experts, including a member of Arthritis Care’s medical advisory board

• www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/evm_calcium.pdf
• Food Standards Agency – www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthydiet/nutritionessentials/vitaminsandminerals/vitamind/
• Food Standards Agency – www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthydiet/nutritionessentials/vitaminsandminerals/calcium/
• Healthy bones, National Osteoporosis Society – www.nos.org.uk/NetCommunity/Document.doc?id=395
• Department of Health (1998) Nutrition and Bone Health with Reference to Calcium and Vitamin D. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report in Health and Social Subjects no. 49. London: HM Stationery Office.
• McCance and Widdowson (2002) The Composition of Foods. 6th summary edition, Royal Society of Chemisty, Cambridge